Avian Influenza: What You Need to Know

The Basics

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds, but can also infect humans. It is caused by influenza type A viruses, which are classified into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).

Transmission

Avian influenza viruses can spread between birds through direct contact, respiratory droplets, and contaminated surfaces. Humans can be infected through contact with infected birds or their bodily fluids, or by consuming contaminated poultry products.

Symptoms

In Birds

Symptoms of avian influenza in birds can include:

• Respiratory problems (coughing, sneezing, gasping)
• Depression, lethargy
• Diarrhea
• Nervous signs (tremors, head twisting)
• Sudden death

In Humans

Symptoms of avian influenza in humans can include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Muscle aches
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting

Treatment

Treatment for avian influenza in birds relies on biosecurity measures, such as isolation and culling, to prevent the spread of the virus. In humans, treatment may include antiviral medications and supportive care.

Prevention

To prevent the transmission of avian influenza, it is important to:

• Avoid contact with sick birds or poultry products.
• Wash hands thoroughly after handling poultry or poultry products.
• Cook poultry products thoroughly to kill any viruses.
• Vaccinate poultry against avian influenza.
• Report any suspicious bird deaths to local authorities.

Conclusion

Avian influenza is a serious disease that can have significant impacts on both birds and humans. By understanding the basics of the virus, its transmission, and prevention measures, we can all help protect ourselves and our feathered friends.